How To Do Stage Makeup Wounds

Techniques to create special cosmetic furnishings

Prosthetic makeup (as well called special make-upwardly furnishings and FX prosthesis) is the process of using prosthetic sculpting, molding and casting techniques to create advanced cosmetic effects. Prosthetic makeup goes back to the beginning of film making with A Trip to the Moon (French: Le Voyage dans la Lune), a 1902 French adventure short film directed by Georges Méliès where the homo on the moon effect was achieved using a combination of makeup and a prosthetic blazon mask with added pastes. The makeup artist Jack Pierce was some other early Hollywood make-upward artist, best remembered for creating the iconic makeup worn by Boris Karloff in Frankenstein, his makeup for the Wolfman, and more than. Modern prosthetic makeup was revolutionized by John Chambers, whose work tin exist seen in Planet of the Apes, as well as Dick Smith's piece of work in Little Big Man, Stan Winston in the Terminator series, and Rob Bottin in The Thing.

Many of the techniques developed during that period are still regularly used in the field today. Additionally, many of these artists taught and inspired the next generation of Special Furnishings makeup artists, who in turn developed more advanced techniques for effects makeup, including developing unlike materials, animatronics and incorporating added calculator elements.

Technique [edit]

The process of creating a makeup prosthetic appliance typically begins with concept art, created by the creative person or production. Once the actor has been chosen, the furnishings creative person volition prepare the actor for the procedure of taking a mold of the player'south face, caput or body role. This process is called lifecasting. Lifecast molds are fabricated from prosthetic alginate or more recently, from peel-safe platinum silicone rubber. This initial mold can be relatively weak merely flexible. A hard mother mold, also known as a jacket or matrix, is typically made of plaster or fiberglass which is created over the exterior of the initial flexible mold to provide support. This mold is used to cast a copy of that part of the actor, in a hard resin or plaster type cloth to eventually use as a base for sculpting the prosthetic. This is considered a "positive" or lifecast.

Before sculpting the dirt prosthetic over the positive, The positive must be prepared by adding "keys" or mold points along the edges of it, which are oft added using clay or more plaster or carved into the lifecast, to brand sure that the two pieces of the mold will fit together correctly. Often the lifecast will be given an additional border in clay or plaster in order to take an area free of detail and undercuts to add these keys. The entire lifecast with borders and keys included is then molded. This ensures a stable expanse with built in keys to sculpt the prosthetic over. This also provides the artist an easily duplicated copy, if needed. Multiple copies are typically used to make variations or stages of prosthetics or unlike prosthetics for the same actor.

Lifecasts of full bodies and trunk parts are also used and reused every bit the basis for making fake body parts, severed limbs, and various "gore" blazon effects used in horror films or films where body parts are required.

The prosthetic required will exist sculpted over the lifecast of that body function to become the blueprint intended. For example, if the desired look is a pig nosed person then the creative person would sculpt the squealer nose over the actors existent nose on the lifecast or positive copy. The edges of the dirt should exist made as thin as possible, for the clay is a stand-in for what will eventually be the prosthetic slice. One time sculpted, the new addition of the clay sculpted prosthetic part must exist molded. Since the positive has been prepared with the boosted boarder and keys, it actually becomes office of the prosthetic mold itself. Once molded, and clay removed, new mold cleaned out, the positive is one part of the mold and the new mold is the other side which has the negative of the newly sculpted prosthetic. This gives two or more than pieces of a mold - a positive of the face or torso part, and i (or more than for complex molds) "negative" mold piece(s) with prosthetic sculpted in.

To make the new prosthetic, material is cast into the mold cavity (where the clay used to be). The prosthetic material tin be cream latex, gelatin, silicone or other similar materials. The prosthetic is cured within the ii part mold. The prosthetic is advisedly removed and prepared for painting and or application to the actor.

Conflict with CGI [edit]

As the moving-picture show/television industry continues to grow, so practice the capabilities of the technologies behind it. Since the debut of newer technologies, many have feared that CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) will put practical SFX makeup out of business.^{[ according to whom? ]} CGI can be used to accomplish furnishings that simply aren't possible when working in applied furnishings.

Tom Woodruff Jr. and Alec Gillis, 2 experienced SFX artists from Amalgamated Dynamics near L.A., share what they come across as the middle ground on the subject. In an interview, they explain that most movies use (out of necessity) a combination of practical effects and CGI. They encounter CGI every bit a tool that can be utilized in a good way or a bad way, just like applied furnishings.^[1] Tom Savini (an SFX creative person known for his work in Dawn of the Dead and Creepshow) states: "They still utilise the brand-upwards guys to design the creatures and that'due south what they work from. I don't call up you lot'll see make-up effects guys hanging out on corners with signs that say: WILL DO Furnishings FOR FOOD."^[2]

Real-world use [edit]

Moulage is a process in which makeup is used to simulate different wounds and trauma in order to prepare medical, emergency, and military personnel for what they could feel in the field and lessen psychological trauma.

Other existent world uses are to create real disguises for Government agencies such as the F.B.I., C.I.A., Section of Justice, used to infiltrate possible terrorist groups. Special effects artists tin create and apply special effects makeup prosthetics to hole-and-corner agents to assemble intelligence for combating international terrorism. Disguises let officers and agents move around as another person to consummate undercover work without jeopardizing their actual identity.

Another real word use of prosthetics is the appearance of wounds to emulate death to be used by agencies such equally the police departments to brand someone appear equally the victim of a murder during " hit or murder for hire " stings. If a doubtable hires a hitting-human (killer) to murder someone, the law are able to stage a set of pictures or video to make the doubtable believe that the "hit" or murder has been carried out. These situations are made to get together prove on the suspect earlier the actual crime of murder has been committed.

Notable artists [edit]

Lon Chaney (The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, London Subsequently Midnight)
Jack Pierce (Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Wolf Human (1941)
John Chambers (Planet of the Apes original film series)
Dick Smith (Piddling Large Human, The Godfather, The Exorcist)
Rick Bakery (An American Werewolf in London, The Nutty Professor, Men in Black, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, The Wolfman (2010)
Tom Savini (Friday the 13th, Dawn of the Expressionless, Creepshow)
Rob Bottin (The Howling, The Affair, Total Think)
Stan Winston (The Terminator, Predator, Jurassic Park)
Ve Neill (Beetlejuice, Mrs. Doubtfire, Ed Forest, Edward Scissorhands, Pirates of the Caribbean area, The Hunger Games)
Michael Westmore (Star Expedition: The Next Generation, Star Expedition: Deep Space Ix, Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, Raging Bull, Rocky, The Munsters)
Gregory Nicotero (The Walking Expressionless)
Howard Berger (The Chronicles of Narnia motion-picture show series)
Matthew W. Mungle (Albert Nobbs, The Butler, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Edward Scissorhands, Bram Stoker'south Dracula)

Notable examples [edit]

Tyra Banks - ABC News: Tyra Banks Experiences Obesity Through Fat Suit - showcased on her eponymous talk evidence on four November 2005
Jennie Bond: Posh Bandy: Jennie Bail (makeup process)
Nina Bott: stern TV [de] fatty makeup (earlier and after; makeup process).
Vicki Butler-Henderson: Celebrity Bandy. :(Vicki's entire head is covered with prosthetics during the makeup application.)
Jim Carrey: How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) (Grinch makeup)
Samantha Flim-flam: Race Swap and makeup process.
Julie Goodyear: Age Swap and makeup awarding.
Tommy Lee Jones: Harvey Dent/Two-Face up in Batman Forever.
Rebecca Loos: Gender Swap and makeup application.
Kelly Lynch: [Mr Magoo] (various disguises, the erstwhile lady and makeup application, the balding man).
James McAvoy among others in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
Rik Mayall: Drop Dead Fred
Melinda Messenger: Celebrity Bandy. (The makeup application for Melinda)
Jack Nicholson: Jack Napier/The Joker in Batman (1989 film).
Ron Perlman: several times in his career, only most notably equally Hellboy
Brad Pitt: The Curious Instance of Benjamin Button
Katie Price (a.chiliad.a. Jordan): Hashemite kingdom of jordan Gets Even and makeup application.
Linda Robson: Celebrity Swap. (Linda'due south makeup application)
Arnold Schwarzenegger: every bit iterations of the Terminator in The Terminator and its sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Twenty-four hours and Terminator 3: Rising of the Machines.
Carol Smillie: Gender Bandy and makeup awarding.
Lea Thompson: A Will Of Their Ain; Back To The Future Part Two and Back To The Hereafter (including makeup application).

See besides [edit]

Make-up artist
Special effect
Animatronics
Facial prosthetic

References [edit]

^ "SFX vs. VFX: Two Effects Artists Hash out the Differences Between Applied & CGI". No Film Schoolhouse. 2014-12-03. Retrieved 2017-11-07 .
^ "Practical Effects Masters on the Pros and Cons of CGI - Tested.com". Tested . Retrieved 2017-eleven-07 .